These direct impacts of aerosol particles on cloud formation are followed by a variety of secondary processes like coalescence, riming, or ice multiplication, which play major roles in the life cycles and climatic impact of clouds as well as the formation, distribution and intensity of precipitation.
A large fraction of atmospheric aerosols acts as CCN (cloud condensation nuclei), but only a very minor and strongly temperature dependent fraction called INPs (ice nucleating particles) contributes to the primary ice formation in both mixed-phase and cirrus clouds.
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